Ta có: \(\frac{x^2}{yz}+\frac{y^2}{xz}+\frac{z^2}{xy}\Rightarrow x^3+y^3+z^3-3xyz=0\Rightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}x=y=z\\x+y+z=0\end{cases}}\)

Vì nghiệm của phương trình là bộ ba số khác O nên các số a,b,c là ba số khác nhau và khác O

+) Nếu: \(\frac{a}{b-c}=\frac{b}{c-a}=\frac{c}{a-b}=k\ne0\Rightarrow a=k\left(b-c\right);b=k\left(c-a\right);c=k\left(a-b\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow a+b+c=0\Rightarrow a+b=-c\)

Từ: \(\frac{a}{b-c}=\frac{b}{c-a}\Rightarrow\frac{a}{b+a+b}=\frac{b}{-a-b-a}\Rightarrow\left(a+b\right)^2+a^2+b^2=0\)

\(\Rightarrow a=b=0\Rightarrow a=b=c=0\)(loại)

+) Nếu: \(\frac{a}{b-c}+\frac{b}{c-a}+\frac{c}{a-b}=0\Rightarrow\frac{a}{b-c}=\frac{b}{a-c}+\frac{c}{b-a}=\frac{b\left(b-a\right)+c\left(a-c\right)}{\left(c-a\right)\left(a-b\right)}\)

\(\Rightarrow\frac{a}{\left(b-c\right)^2}=\frac{b^2-ba+ca-c^2}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(c-a\right)}\left(1\right)\)

Tương tự ta có: \(\frac{b}{\left(c-a\right)^2}=\frac{c^2-cb+ab-a^2}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(c-a\right)}\left(2\right);\frac{c}{\left(a-b\right)^2}=\frac{a^2-ac+bc-b^2}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(c-a\right)}\left(3\right)\)

Từ (1),(2) và (3) \(\Rightarrow\frac{a}{\left(b-c^2\right)}+\frac{b}{\left(c-a\right)^2}+\frac{c}{\left(a-b\right)^2}=0\)

Đặt \(m=\frac{a}{\left(b-c\right)^2};n=\frac{b}{\left(c-a\right)^2};p=\frac{c}{\left(a-b\right)^2}\Rightarrow m+n+p=0\)

\(\Rightarrow m^3+n^3+p^3=3mnp\Rightarrow\frac{m^2}{np}+\frac{n^2}{mp}+\frac{p^2}{mn}=3\left(ĐPCM\right)\)

Đặt \(\left(\frac{a-b}{c},\frac{b-c}{a},\frac{c-a}{b}\right)\rightarrow\left(x,y,z\right)\)

Khi đó:\(\left(\frac{c}{a-b},\frac{a}{b-c},\frac{b}{c-a}\right)\rightarrow\left(\frac{1}{x},\frac{1}{y},\frac{1}{z}\right)\)

Ta có:

\(P\cdot Q=\left(x+y+z\right)\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)=3+\frac{y+z}{x}+\frac{z+x}{y}+\frac{x+y}{z}\)

Mặt khác:\(\frac{y+z}{x}=\left(\frac{b-c}{a}+\frac{c-a}{b}\right)\cdot\frac{c}{a-b}=\frac{b^2-bc+ac-a^2}{ab}\cdot\frac{c}{a-b}\)

\(=\frac{c\left(a-b\right)\left(c-a-b\right)}{ab\left(a-b\right)}=\frac{c\left(c-a-b\right)}{ab}=\frac{2c^2}{ab}\left(1\right)\)

Tương tự:\(\frac{x+z}{y}=\frac{2a^2}{bc}\left(2\right)\)

\(=\frac{x+y}{z}=\frac{2b^2}{ac}\left(3\right)\)

Từ ( 1 );( 2 );( 3 ) ta có:
\(P\cdot Q=3+\frac{2c^2}{ab}+\frac{2a^2}{bc}+\frac{2b^2}{ac}=3+\frac{2}{abc}\left(a^3+b^3+c^3\right)\)

Ta có:\(a+b+c=0\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(a+b\right)^3=-c^3\)

\(\Rightarrow a^3+b^3+3ab\left(a+b\right)=-c^3\)

\(\Rightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3=3abc\)

Khi đó:\(P\cdot Q=3+\frac{2}{abc}\cdot3abc=9\)

Mách mk nốt 2 bài kia vs

chiju

18. Ta có : \(\frac{a}{x}+\frac{b}{y}+\frac{c}{z}=0\Rightarrow\frac{ayz+bxz+cxy}{xyz}=0\Rightarrow ayz+bxz+cxy=0\)

\(\left(\frac{x}{a}+\frac{y}{b}+\frac{z}{c}\right)^2=1\Leftrightarrow\frac{x^2}{a^2}+\frac{y^2}{b^2}+\frac{z^2}{c^2}+2\left(\frac{xy}{ab}+\frac{yz}{bc}+\frac{xz}{ac}\right)=1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{x^2}{a^2}+\frac{y^2}{b^2}+\frac{z^2}{c^2}+2xyz\left(\frac{1}{abz}+\frac{1}{xbc}+\frac{1}{acy}\right)=1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{x^2}{a^2}+\frac{y^2}{b^2}+\frac{z^2}{c^2}+2xyz\left(\frac{ayz+bxz+cxy}{abcxyz}\right)=1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{x^2}{a^2}+\frac{y^2}{b^2}+\frac{z^2}{c^2}=1\)

19. Nhân cả hai vế của đẳng thức giả thiết với \(\frac{1}{b-c}+\frac{1}{c-a}+\frac{1}{a-b}\)được 

\(\left(\frac{a}{b-c}+\frac{b}{c-a}+\frac{c}{a-b}\right)\left(\frac{1}{b-c}+\frac{1}{c-a}+\frac{1}{a-b}\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a}{\left(b-c\right)^2}+\frac{b}{\left(c-a\right)^2}+\frac{c}{\left(a-b\right)^2}+\frac{a+b}{\left(b-c\right)\left(c-a\right)}+\frac{b+c}{\left(c-a\right)\left(a-b\right)}+\frac{c+a}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)}=0\)

Ta có ;

 \(\frac{a+b}{\left(b-c\right)\left(c-a\right)}+\frac{b+c}{\left(c-a\right)\left(a-b\right)}+\frac{c+a}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)}=\frac{\left(a+b\right)\left(a-b\right)+\left(b+c\right)\left(b-c\right)+\left(c+a\right)\left(c-a\right)}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(c-a\right)}\)\(=\frac{a^2-b^2+b^2-c^2+c^2-a^2}{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\left(c-a\right)}=0\)

\(\Rightarrow\frac{a}{\left(b-c\right)^2}+\frac{b}{\left(c-a\right)^2}+\frac{c}{\left(a-b\right)^2}=0\)

17. Xét vế trái ; 

\(\frac{a}{b^3-1}+\frac{b}{a^3-1}=\frac{a}{\left(b-1\right)\left(b^2+b+1\right)}+\frac{b}{\left(a-1\right)\left(a^2+a+1\right)}\)

\(=\frac{a}{-a\left(b^2+b+1\right)}+\frac{b}{-b\left(a^2+a+1\right)}=\frac{-1}{b^2+b+1}+\frac{-1}{a^2+a+1}\)

\(=\frac{-\left(a^2+a+1+b^2+b+1\right)}{\left(a^2+a+1\right)\left(b^2+b+1\right)}=\frac{-\left[\left(a+b\right)^2-2ab+3\right]}{a^2b^2+ab\left(a+b\right)+a^2+b^2+ab+2}\)\(=\frac{2\left(ab-2\right)}{a^2b^2+\left(a^2+2ab+b^2\right)+2}=\frac{2\left(ab-2\right)}{a^2b^2+3}\)

3/ Ta có:

\(x+y+z=0\)

\(\Rightarrow x^2=\left(y+z\right)^2;y^2=\left(z+x\right)^2;z^2=\left(x+y\right)^2\)

\(a+b+c=0\)

\(\Rightarrow a+b=-c;b+c=-a;c+a=-b\)

\(\frac{a}{x}+\frac{b}{y}+\frac{c}{z}=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow ayz+bxz+cxy=0\)

Ta có:

\(ax^2+by^2+cz^2=a\left(y+z\right)^2+b\left(z+x\right)^2+c\left(x+y\right)^2\)

\(=x^2\left(b+c\right)+y^2\left(c+a\right)+z^2\left(a+b\right)+2\left(ayz+bzx+cxy\right)\)

\(=-ax^2-by^2-cz^2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(ax^2+by^2+cz^2\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow ax^2+by^2+cz^2=0\)

1/ Đặt \(a-b=x,b-c=y,c-z=z\)

\(\Rightarrow x+y+z=0\)

Ta có:

\(\frac{1}{\left(a-b\right)^2}+\frac{1}{\left(b-c\right)^2}+\frac{1}{\left(c-a\right)^2}=\frac{1}{x^2}+\frac{1}{y^2}+\frac{1}{z^2}\)

\(=\frac{1}{x^2}+\frac{1}{y^2}+\frac{1}{z^2}+\frac{2\left(x+y+z\right)}{xyz}\)

\(=\frac{1}{x^2}+\frac{1}{y^2}+\frac{1}{z^2}+2\left(\frac{1}{xy}+\frac{1}{yz}+\frac{1}{zx}\right)=\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)^2\)

2/ \(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}=\frac{1}{abc}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow ab+bc+ca=1\)

Ta có:

\(M=\left(1+a^2\right)\left(1+b^2\right)\left(1+c^2\right)\)

\(=\left(ab+bc+ca+a^2\right)\left(ab+bc+ca+b^2\right)\left(ab+bc+ca+c^2\right)\)

\(=\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)\left(b+a\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)\left(c+b\right)\)

\(=\left[\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)\right]^2\)

3 

dat \(\frac{x-y\sqrt{2014}}{y-z\sqrt{2014}}=\frac{a}{b}\) dk (a,b)=1 a,b thuoc N*

khi do \(bx-by\sqrt{2014}=ay-az\sqrt{2014}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow bx-ay=\left(by-az\right)\sqrt{2014}\)

\(\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}bx-ay=0\\by-az=0\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}bx=ay\\by=az\end{cases}\Rightarrow}\frac{x}{y}=\frac{y}{z}=\frac{a}{b}\Rightarrow xz=y^2}\)

khi do \(x^2+y^2+z^2=\left(x+z\right)^2-2xz+y^2=\left(x+z\right)^2-y^2=\left(x+z-y\right)\left(x+y+z\right)\)

vi x^2 +y^2 +z^2 la so nt va x+y+z>1

nen \(\hept{\begin{cases}x+y+z=x^2+y^2+z^2\\x+z-y=1\end{cases}}\)

giai ra ta co x=y=z=1

Câu !!   .1)\(PT< =>2x-2\sqrt{x-8}-6\sqrt{x}+2=0\)(đk:\(x\ge8\))

\(< =>x-8-2\sqrt{x-8}+1+x-6\sqrt{x}+9=0\)

\(< =>\left(\sqrt{x-8}-1\right)^2+\left(\sqrt{x}-3\right)^2=0\)

\(< =>\hept{\begin{cases}\sqrt{x-8}=1\\\sqrt{x}=3\end{cases}}\)

\(< =>x=9\)(thỏa mãn đk)

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